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	<title>Computational Attacks on the Voynich Manuscript</title>
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	<description>... using Genetic Algorithms and other Machine Learning techniques</description>
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		<title>Computational Attacks on the Voynich Manuscript</title>
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		<title>An abjad result from the Genetic Algorithm</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/17/an-abjad-result-from-the-genetic-algorithm/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/17/an-abjad-result-from-the-genetic-algorithm/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 02:09:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[f9v]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Latin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vowel-less]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Here is one of the GA results. This is an attempt at deciphering the text on f9v (the Viola plant). The VMs words on that folio are: "fo1oy","ogoyo89","og9","2oy","4og19j1o","4ofoe","2oe", "81oy","1oe","1oy","89","ok9","89", "9hc9","1oy","oh9","occcs", "9kc9","k19","okoe","ok9","koe89", "g1oy","9j1cc9","4okoy","9j19","kc","ay","1k9", "o8oe","1o9","h2co89","1o89","ok19","9ha", "4o","1oe","1oe","okae","8oy", "4oh1o","yoh98","8ae9", "19","kay","19k9","8ay9","9koe89", "ok9","h1oe","1oe","19","h9k9", "91oy","12ok9","1oy" These are not all the words on the folio: I have removed those that contain unusual or [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=395&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is one of the GA results. This is an attempt at deciphering the text on f9v (the Viola plant). The VMs words on that folio are:</p>
<pre>"fo1oy","ogoyo89","og9","2oy","4og19j1o","4ofoe","2oe",
"81oy","1oe","1oy","89","ok9","89",
"9hc9","1oy","oh9","occcs",
"9kc9","k19","okoe","ok9","koe89",
"g1oy","9j1cc9","4okoy","9j19","kc","ay","1k9",
"o8oe","1o9","h2co89","1o89","ok19","9ha",
"4o","1oe","1oe","okae","8oy",
"4oh1o","yoh98","8ae9",
"19","kay","19k9","8ay9","9koe89",
"ok9","h1oe","1oe","19","h9k9",
"91oy","12ok9","1oy"</pre>
<p>These are not all the words on the folio: I have removed those that contain unusual or problematic glyphs (e.g. the &#8220;m&#8221;).</p>
<p>The GA comes up with the following VMs-&gt;Latin character mapping:</p>
<pre>Voynich: o    9    1    k    y    8    e    c    h    a    4    g    2    j    f    s

Plain:   r    s    d    p    m    b    t    n    f    l        q    c    x    v    g</pre>
<p>And here are the deciphered words. On each line you have the VMs word, the Latin consonants, then the possible Latin or English words in the dictionary that match the abjad.</p>
<pre>fo1oy = vrdrm =  virdiarium viridarium viridiarium
ogoyo89 = rqrmrbs =  ?
og9 = rqs =  requies arquus
2oy = crm =  carum coram curam corium cremo cyrum curiam acerum acorum acroama acrum aecoreum careum cereum cerium ceroma coarmi coarmo crami cremii cremi croma cromae curium cream
4og19j1o = rqdsxdr =  ?
4ofoe = rvrt =  reverti reverto iuraverat
2oe = crt =  certa certe certo creta curatio curto creat coarto create cartae caret acerata careota careotae cariota cariotae carota carotae carta carti caryitae caryota caryotae ceratia ceratiae ceratii cerati cerata ceroti certi coertio coryti cratio creatio creati creata cretae cretea cretio crita critae croto curate curata curiatia curiata curito curta ocreata court courte curt cart
81oy = bdrm =  obdormio
1oe = drt =  audierat deerat oderit odorati aderat auderet durat diruat daret deaurata adaeratio adoratio deartuo deorata deratio diratio dirutio duratio duritia duritiae duritiei odoratio odorata darte dirty
1oy = drm =  audieram darem dierum dormio oderam odorem iudeorum deorum darium adoreum adorium dearmo diarium dirimo diremi dirum dormeo drama dromo durum edormio edurum odorum dram
89 = bs =  abs bis bos iubeas iubes basio uobis abusi ibis abies absi abusio baes bas basi bes bios bus ibos obesa obsuo obsui base abuse bees boys busy bays
ok9 = rps =  repsi rapis aeripes euripus reapse reposui rupes rupis ropes
89 = bs =  abs bis bos iubeas iubes basio uobis abusi ibis abies absi abusio baes bas basi bes bios bus ibos obesa obsuo obsui base abuse bees boys busy bays
9hc9 = sfns =  sifonis
1oy = drm =  audieram darem dierum dormio oderam odorem iudeorum deorum darium adoreum adorium dearmo diarium dirimo diremi dirum dormeo drama dromo durum edormio edurum odorum dram
oh9 = rfs =  rufus refuse
occcs = rnnng =  running runninge
9kc9 = spns =  sapiens spinas sponsi sponsa supinis spensa spinis yspanos sapineus sapinus saponis siponis sopionis spensae spineus spinosa spinus spons sponsae sponsio sponso supinus
k19 = pds =  pedes pedis apodis pods
okoe = rprt =  reperiet reparat eriperet reperta reperit reparatio reperti reporto reporte report
ok9 = rps =  repsi rapis aeripes euripus reapse reposui rupes rupis ropes
koe89 = prtbs =  partibus portabis parietibus
g1oy = qdrm =  quadrum quadrima
9j1cc9 = sxdnns =  ?
4okoy = rprm =  reprimi reprimo
9j19 = sxds =  ?
kc = pn =  opinio opino paene pene poena pono punio puny upon pane pena pone apiana apianae apina apinae paean paeon paeonia penae peni pinea pini poenae poenio open pen paine pain payne pyany pin pine pan peny peony
ay = lm =  aliam alium lama lamia lima limo olim almi oleum alme alma aulam alum aulaeum elimo ilum lamae lamiae lema limae limi ulmea ulmi elm
1k9 = dps =  dapes daps adeps adipis adipeus adips adipsi adposui dapis deposui depso depsui diapasi
o8oe = rbrt =  arboreti robert
1o9 = drs =  aderas derisui dorso durus odores duros dirus edurus odorus edrus durius diris duris derisio dares adoris adoreus adoriosa adrasi adrisi adrisio adrosi adursi derasi derisi derisa derosi derosa diarius dirasi dorsi odoris deirous dooers doores dryes dries drousie dyers
h2co89 = fcnrbs =  facinoribus
1o89 = drbs =  derbiosa
ok19 = rpds =  rapidus
9ha = sfl =  useful safly safely
4o = r =  aer ara aro aurae aure aurea auro ero eruo ira irae ire iuro or ore ori oro re rea rei rui ruo aera aerio ora iura aura era r uero uaria area auri iure iuri ere aeer aerae aerea aerei aeria aero arae areae areo arui aria ariae ari aureae aurei eiero eare erae erui eri euro euroa euri iro orae reae uro uri rai are oure yeare your our youre ear rue year yeer air rye ar
1oe = drt =  audierat deerat oderit odorati aderat auderet durat diruat daret deaurata adaeratio adoratio deartuo deorata deratio diratio dirutio duratio duritia duritiae duritiei odoratio odorata darte dirty
1oe = drt =  audierat deerat oderit odorati aderat auderet durat diruat daret deaurata adaeratio adoratio deartuo deorata deratio diratio dirutio duratio duritia duritiae duritiei odoratio odorata darte dirty
okae = rplt =  repleuit repleta repleat
8oy = brm =  baioarium barim baioariam brume bireme boarium boreum borium bromi bruma brumae eboreum ebrium ebureum obarmo broom
4oh1o = rfdr =  ?
yoh98 = mrfsb =  ?
8ae9 = blts =  oblitus balatus balteus ablatis ablutus abolitus ablatus belatus beluatus bliteus boletus bolites oblatus blites
19 = ds =  ades audias audis das deos deus dies duos odiosa dis adso iudeis ydus adesa adsuo adsui aedes aedis aedus dasea daseae dasia dasiae des desuo desui diis dius dos duis edius edus idos odiose udus dayes daies odyous dose ads daisie
kay = plm =  palam palma pluma pulmo puleium epulum pilum palmo apuliam palium apalum palmae palmea palmi palum paulum pileum plumae plumea plum polium polum palm
19k9 = dsps =  dasypus deseps disposui despise
8ay9 = blms =  bulimos bulimosa bulimus balms
9koe89 = sprtbs =  spiritibus
ok9 = rps =  repsi rapis aeripes euripus reapse reposui rupes rupis ropes
h1oe = fdrt =  foederata foederati
1oe = drt =  audierat deerat oderit odorati aderat auderet durat diruat daret deaurata adaeratio adoratio deartuo deorata deratio diratio dirutio duratio duritia duritiae duritiei odoratio odorata darte dirty
19 = ds =  ades audias audis das deos deus dies duos odiosa dis adso iudeis ydus adesa adsuo adsui aedes aedis aedus dasea daseae dasia dasiae des desuo desui diis dius dos duis edius edus idos odiose udus dayes daies odyous dose ads daisie
h9k9 = fsps =  ?
91oy = sdrm =  siderum sidereum sudarium
12ok9 = dcrps =  decerpsi decarpsi
1oy = drm =  audieram darem dierum dormio oderam odorem iudeorum deorum darium adoreum adorium dearmo diarium dirimo diremi dirum dormeo drama dromo durum edormio edurum odorum dram</pre>
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		<title>Vowels and 17</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/17/vowels-and-17/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/17/vowels-and-17/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 16:54:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[17]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[f57v]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Latin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vowel-less]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Latin Alphabet &#8211; the number 17 again From http://latindiscussion.com/latin/alphabet/history/evolution &#8220;Before the Renaissance, letters J and U had been merely glyph variants of I and V. W was first used by scribes writing Old English during the 7th century AD.&#8221; CLASSICAL LATIN ALPHABET: (22) A B C D E F G H I L M N [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=383&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Latin Alphabet &#8211; the number 17 again</h2>
<p>From <a title="Latin alphabet" href="http://latindiscussion.com/latin/alphabet/history/evolution">http://latindiscussion.com/latin/alphabet/history/evolution</a></p>
<p>&#8220;Before the Renaissance, letters J and U had been merely glyph variants of I and V.<br />
W was first used by scribes writing Old English during the 7th century AD.&#8221;</p>
<p>CLASSICAL LATIN ALPHABET:</p>
<p>(22) A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z</p>
<p>REMOVE VOWELS:</p>
<p>(5) A E I O V</p>
<p>REMAINING:</p>
<p>(17) B C D F G H L M N P Q R S T X Y Z</p>
<div id="attachment_75" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 522px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/f57v.jpg"><img class="size-large wp-image-75" title="f57v" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/f57v.jpg?w=512&#038;h=534" alt="" width="512" height="534" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">f57v</p></div>
<p>Glyphs on f57v, 3rd ring, Voyn_101 encoding &#8211; 4 sets of 17 characters each:</p>
<pre>o.e.8.y.?.?.h.p.f.?.k.y.?.?.9.?.?.
o.e.8.y.?.?.h.p.f.?.k.y.?.?.9.?.?.
o.e.8.y.?.?.h.p.f.?.k.y.?.?.9.?.?.
o.e.8.y.?.?.h.p.f.?.k.y.?.?.9.?.?.

compare:
b.c.d.f.g.h.l.m.n.p.q.r.s.t.x.y.z.</pre>
<p>(Glyphs marked with &#8220;?&#8221; are very rare, and occur only on f57v and one other folio.)</p>
<h2>Latest Vowel-less Table for Genetic Algorithm results</h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/majorityvote1.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-390" title="MajorityVote" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/majorityvote1.jpg?w=600&#038;h=314" alt="" width="600" height="314" /></a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">f57v</media:title>
		</media:content>

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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Vowel-less plaintext</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/13/vowel-less-plaintext/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/13/vowel-less-plaintext/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jun 2011 02:16:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[n-grams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[o]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vowel-less]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Suppose the VMs words have no vowels, and that a simple alphabetic substitution has been used to create the text from vowel-less plaintext. I used a Genetic Algorithm to test this hypothesis on some of the naked lady labels in the Balneological section. Using a large Latin dictionary, I stripped out all vowels &#8220;aeiou&#8221; from [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=366&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Suppose the VMs words have no vowels, and that a simple alphabetic substitution has been used to create the text from vowel-less plaintext.</p>
<p>I used a Genetic Algorithm to test this hypothesis on some of the naked lady labels in the Balneological section. Using a large Latin dictionary, I stripped out all vowels &#8220;aeiou&#8221; from the Latin words, giving me a set of vowel-less Latin words. This was then used by the GA to try to find the best 1-1 mapping between VMs glyph and Latin.</p>
<p>Here is a table of the starting statistics. The &#8220;Source&#8221; is the VMs (in the Voyn_101 encoding), the Target is Latin. The second and fifth columns show the total number of occurrences of each glyph and each Latin letter, respectively, and the following columns show that number as a fraction of the total. The rows are in order of glyph/letter frequency.</p>
<p>There are 16 VMs glyphs, and 22 Latin letters.</p>
<pre>16 Voynich nGrams 21 plaintext nGrams
Top 16 1-grams in Voynich and 1-grams in plaintext
Source            Target
------            ------
o    52    0.21311475    s    7666    0.14250925
e    35    0.14344262    r    7450    0.13849385
9    30    0.12295082    t    7053    0.13111371
8    27    0.11065574    n    5706    0.10607328
a    25    0.10245901    c    4386    0.08153477
h    25    0.10245901    m    4340    0.08067964
y    17    0.06967213    l    3707    0.06891231
2    6    0.024590164    p    3079    0.05723793
k    5    0.020491803    d    2790    0.051865485
c    5    0.020491803    b    1725    0.03206737
i    5    0.020491803    v    1424    0.026471846
1    4    0.016393442    f    1372    0.025505178
s    3    0.012295082    g    1347    0.025040433
N    2    0.008196721    q    600    0.0111538675
4    2    0.008196721    h    509    0.009462197
g    1    0.0040983604    x    499    0.0092763</pre>
<p>To run the GA, I used a simple weighting function that added the square of the length of every label that was decoded into a valid plaintext word.</p>
<p>Here are the results of one run, where about 50% of the labels (25/53) were converted. First the derived mapping between VMs glyph and Latin consonant:</p>
<pre>Voynich: c    1    k    2    y    i    h    s    o    a    4    8    e    N    9    g    
Plain:   l    g    c    p    f    x    v    y        t    q    n    r    d    s    b</pre>
<p>Note that the GA has assigned VMs &#8220;o&#8221; to a null &#8230;</p>
<p>Now here are the deciphered labels, with the possible voweled Latin words each may correspond to:</p>
<pre>Source  : oeae9
Decipher: rtrs' : oratorius
Source  : oe189
Decipher: rgns' : origines
Source  : oha89
Decipher: vtns
Source  : ohoeo
Decipher: vr' : varia varie ver vera vere veri vero vir viro voro avara
Source  : ohoy9
Decipher: vfs
Source  : ogoy
Decipher: bf
Source  : oeh9
Decipher: rvs' : rivos
Source  : ohaN
Decipher: vtd
Source  : ohay
Decipher: vtf
Source  : oh29
Decipher: vps
Source  : sayae
Decipher: ytftr
Source  : 8ohae
Decipher: nvtr' : invetero
Source  : 8ayoe
Decipher: ntfr
Source  : 8ae89
Decipher: ntrns' : nutriens internus
Source  : 8ae28
Decipher: ntrpn' : interpono
Source  : 8aehay
Decipher: ntrvtf
Source  : 4ohae
Decipher: qvtr
Source  : 8e9
Decipher: nrs' : inrisuo iners
Source  : oy9
Decipher: fs' : fas
Source  : ok9
Decipher: cs' : acies acsi causa causae cuius iaces iocus ocius casa casia cos
Source  : e19
Decipher: rgs' : erigis reges regius rgis rugas regis
Source  : 8ay9
Decipher: ntfs
Source  : 8ae
Decipher: ntr' : antra inter interea intereo intra intro intueor natura naturae nitor nutrio nitori enitor enutrio ianitor notoare
Source  : 8ae89
Decipher: ntrns' : nutriens internus
Source  : 4oko8
Decipher: qcn
Source  : yhae
Decipher: fvtr
Source  : 9hc89
Decipher: svlns
Source  : oeh19
Decipher: rvgs
Source  : oko89
Decipher: cns' : canis canos cinis consui consuo censeo cuneus
Source  : ohay
Decipher: vtf
Source  : ohae
Decipher: vtr' : vetera viatori vitrea veter viator
Source  : ohoe89
Decipher: vrns
Source  : ohaiya89
Decipher: vtxftns
Source  : oh1oy
Decipher: vgf
Source  : oeaiiN
Decipher: rtxxd
Source  : 8oeoe
Decipher: nrr' : narro
Source  : sohoe9
Decipher: yvrs
Source  : oeha
Decipher: rvt
Source  : h9
Decipher: vs' : evasi ovis vasa vias viis vis visa visu vos avus vas visio
Source  : soyoye
Decipher: yffr
Source  : oeoeae
Decipher: rrtr
Source  : oy
Decipher: f' : fio fui f of
Source  : 2chay
Decipher: plvtf
Source  : 989
Decipher: sns' : sanes sanies sanus senis sensa sensi sensu sonas sinus
Source  : ohc89
Decipher: vlns' : valens volans volens vulnus
Source  : eoe9
Decipher: rrs' : rarus ruris rarius
Source  : 8oiiy
Decipher: nxxf
Source  : oe29
Decipher: rps' : repsi
Source  : okc89
Decipher: clns' : colonus
Source  : ehoe
Decipher: rvr' : revera
Source  : ohoe29
Decipher: vrps
Source  : oko89
Decipher: cns' : canis canos cinis consui consuo censeo cuneus
Source  : 82c89
Decipher: nplns</pre>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">JB</media:title>
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		<title>Runkelstein Castle and the Voynich Manuscript</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/10/runkelstein/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/10/runkelstein/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Jun 2011 18:03:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Castles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[f1r]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[f46v]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[f71r]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Runkelstein Castle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Similarities]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/?p=337</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Runkelstein Castle , in the South Tyrol, dates from the 13th. century and contains a set of mural paintings / frescoes that contain some features that are reminiscent of some images in the Voynich Manuscript. See this link for a collection of photos from the Castle. (Images in this post are copies from there and from [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=337&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 639px"><img class=" " title="Runkelstein Castle" src="http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/35112391.jpg" alt="" width="629" height="410" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Runkelstein Castle</p></div>
<p><a title="Runkelstein Castle" href="http://www.runkelstein.info/runkelstein_en/history.asp">Runkelstein Castle</a> , in the South Tyrol, dates from the 13th. century and contains a set of mural paintings / frescoes that contain some features that are reminiscent of some images in the Voynich Manuscript. See this link for a collection of <a title="photos from the Castle" href="http://www.lessing-photo.com/search.asp?a=1&amp;kc=2020202068BC&amp;kw=CASTLE%3ARUNKELSTEIN+%28I%29&amp;p=1&amp;ipp=">photos from the Castle</a>. (Images in this post are copies from there and from http://www.runkelstein.info)</p>
<h2>History of the Castle</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.runkelstein.info/runkelstein_en/history.asp">http://www.runkelstein.info/runkelstein_en/history.asp</a></p>
<p>In summary, it was built by the Lords of Wangen in 1237, then taken over by Count Meinhard II of Tyrol in 1277, then bought by the Vintlers in 1385, one of whom was the counsellor and financier of the Count of  Tyrol, Duke Leopold III of Austria. The Vintlers commissioned the frescos.  Then in 1407 it was besieged. It was bought sometime later by Archduke  Sigmund, who allowed George Hack Prince-Bishop of Trent to &#8220;take refuge&#8221; there in 1463. He left in 1465. In 1530 it was bought by  Emperor Maximilian I, who installed his coat of arms in two places (above a door and on top of a chimney). Actually the date of 1530 for this appears at odds with the rest of the history on the web  page, which talks of the Emperor giving it to his chancellor in 1493, then to Georg von Frundsberg. One of these dudes blew up  the tower accidentally in 1520.</p>
<p>Then it was neglected until 1530 when it was bestowed to Sigmund von Brandis. After that it went to the Church of Trent (again) and they gave it to the Counts of Lichenstein-Castlecorno as a feud in around 1154. The Count Hans Jacon&#8217;s arms are on top of the entrance.</p>
<h2>Spreadeagle</h2>
<p>Detail of VMs folio f46v</p>
<div id="attachment_338" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 270px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/f46v_detail.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-338 " title="f46v_detail" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/f46v_detail.jpg?w=260&#038;h=211" alt="" width="260" height="211" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Detail of the root on f46v</p></div>
<p>Compare with the right hand crest on this fresco in the Castle:</p>
<div id="attachment_342" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 495px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/320runk.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-342 " title="320runk" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/320runk.jpg?w=485&#038;h=615" alt="" width="485" height="615" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Heraldic shields in a fresco at Castle Runkelstein</p></div>
<p>Compare the angled blue striped shield at the left with the VMs tub on the outer figures ring  at 10 o&#8217;clock on f71r (R.Sale&#8217;s Fieschi arms)</p>
<div id="attachment_343" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 610px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/manuscrito127.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-343 " title="manuscrito127" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/manuscrito127.jpg?w=600&#038;h=795" alt="" width="600" height="795" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">f71r</p></div>
<p>Compare the tubs in f71r with the bath tub depicted in another fresco at the Castle:</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 453px"><img src="http://www.lessing-photo.com/p3/160104/16010437.jpg" alt="" width="443" height="540" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A crowned chap in a bathtub in one of the Castle frescos</p></div>
<h2>Crossbowman and Huntsman</h2>
<p>Compare the head gear of the crossbowman in the VMs with that of the huntsman in red on a fresco in the castle. Also note the general shape of the bow and arrow in both pictures.</p>
<div id="attachment_284" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 370px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/crossbowman.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-284 " title="CrossBowMan" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/crossbowman.jpg?w=360&#038;h=388" alt="" width="360" height="388" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Chap holding crossbow in the Voynich Manuscript</p></div>
<h2></h2>
<div id="attachment_344" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 610px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/runkelstein_dscn3364.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-344 " title="Schloss Runkelstein Südtirol Wandmalereien" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/runkelstein_dscn3364.jpg?w=600&#038;h=449" alt="" width="600" height="449" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Huntsmen on a fresco in the Castle</p></div>
<h2>Sun and Moon</h2>
<p>Compare the Sun and Moon in the VMs with their depictions in the Castle&#8217;s bathroom.</p>
<div id="attachment_360" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/vms_sun.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-360 " title="VMs_Sun" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/vms_sun.jpg?w=300&#038;h=297" alt="" width="300" height="297" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">VMs Sun</p></div>
<div id="attachment_361" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/vms_moon.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-361" title="VMs_Moon" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/vms_moon.jpg?w=300&#038;h=248" alt="" width="300" height="248" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">VMs Moon</p></div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 610px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/sunmoon.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-359 " title="SunMoon" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/sunmoon.jpg?w=600&#038;h=476" alt="" width="600" height="476" /></a></dt>
</dl>
<dl class="wp-caption aligncenter">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><p class="wp-caption-text">Sun and Moon in the Castle bathroom</p></div>
<p>(Sun/Moon image from http://www.runkelstein.info/images_big/sonne_mond_en.html)</p>
<h2>Symbol on f1r</h2>
<p>Compare the &#8220;bird glyph&#8221; symbol on f1r with the shape of the crown being worn by the lady on a fresco at the Castle. (Note also the spreadeagle emblem of the Tyrol on the rug.)</p>
<div id="attachment_350" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 366px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/bird_glyph.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-350" title="bird_glyph" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/bird_glyph.jpg?w=356&#038;h=353" alt="" width="356" height="353" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">&quot;Bird glyph&quot; on f1r</p></div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 456px"><img src="http://www.lessing-photo.com/p3/160104/16010409.jpg" alt="" width="446" height="583" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Unusually shaped crown being worn by a lady on one of the Castle frescos</p></div>
<h2>Castles in the VMs</h2>
<p>Compare the appearance of the three towers castle in the VMs Rosettes folio, and the Castle Runkelstein as depicted in its frescos:</p>
<div id="attachment_146" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 544px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/okoe89_rose1.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-146 " title="okoe89_rose" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/okoe89_rose1.png?w=534&#038;h=600" alt="" width="534" height="600" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Castle in the Rosettes folios</p></div>
<div id="attachment_340" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 232px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/castle_hole_runkelstein.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-340" title="castle_hole_runkelstein" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/castle_hole_runkelstein.jpg?w=222&#038;h=321" alt="" width="222" height="321" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Detail of fresco at Castle Runkelstein</p></div>
<p>Now look at the shape of the VMs &#8220;Tower in a Hole&#8221; (as named by Rich Santa Coloma), and compare with the central tower in the above detail:</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 460px"><img title="&quot;Tower in a Hole&quot;" src="http://proto57.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/tower_in_hole_blog.jpg?w=450&#038;h=592" alt="" width="450" height="592" /><p class="wp-caption-text">The VMs &quot;Tower in a Hole&quot;</p></div>
<h2>Woman Holding Round Object</h2>
<p>The interesting similarity here is the pose of the two women, which is almost identical. Also note they are both holding round objects, and wearing head dresses that have a central feature. The woman depicted on the Runkelstein fresco is Margarete Maultasch (&#8220;satchel-mouth&#8221;), countess and ruler of Tyrol (1318-1369) .</p>
<div id="attachment_351" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 365px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/woman_ring.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-351" title="Woman_Ring" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/woman_ring.jpg?w=355&#038;h=419" alt="" width="355" height="419" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Naked lady holding object, wearing head dress</p></div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 351px"><img src="http://www.lessing-photo.com/p3/160104/16010418.jpg" alt="" width="341" height="432" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Woman holding a ball (playing a game) on one of the Castle frescos (note headdress)</p></div>
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			<media:title type="html">Woman_Ring</media:title>
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		<title>Castles</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/08/castles/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/08/castles/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jun 2011 20:42:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Castles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rose]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/?p=321</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Castelbello, Northern Italy (Note swallow tail merlons, and twin conical towers) &#8220;The castle Castelbello is enthroned on a cliff and can be visited. It was built around 1200 and nearly burned right down during the wars of liberation. The castle chapel is especially worth visiting, it has decorative frescos of the 16th century and a [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=321&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/f86r6_castle.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-230" title="f86r6_castle" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/f86r6_castle.png?w=600&#038;h=535" alt="" width="600" height="535" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2183/2276755313_72fca3f6e4_b.jpg">Castelbello, Northern Italy</a> (Note swallow tail merlons, and twin conical towers) <img class="alignnone" title="Castelbello" src="http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/32700217.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="334" /></p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="Castelbello" src="http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/3756608.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="333" /><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/castelbello_tyrol.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-234" title="Castelbello_Tyrol" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/castelbello_tyrol.png?w=409&#038;h=301" alt="" width="409" height="301" /></a></p>
<p>&#8220;The <strong>castle Castelbello</strong> is enthroned on a cliff and can be visited. It was built around 1200 and nearly burned right down during the wars of liberation. The castle chapel is especially worth visiting, it has decorative frescos of the 16<sup>th</sup> century and a permanent exhibition on the famous <strong>Roman street Claudia Augusta</strong>.&#8221;</p>
<p>Compare with <a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/okoe89_rose.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-124" title="okoe89_rose" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/okoe89_rose.png?w=534&#038;h=600" alt="" width="534" height="600" /></a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">JB</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/f86r6_castle.png" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">f86r6_castle</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">Castelbello</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Castelbello</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Castelbello_Tyrol</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">okoe89_rose</media:title>
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		<title>Crossbows</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/07/crossbows/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/06/07/crossbows/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jun 2011 02:30:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Crossbow]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/?p=283</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There is lots of information on crossbows and arbalests at crossbows.net Here is a &#8220;Straight Bow&#8221; ca. 1100-1550: &#8220;This is a very common bow throughout medieval and renaissance Europe. It may be rectangular in cross-section (western Europe) or oval in cross-section (central Europe) The stock has a grooved top to guide the quarrels (bolts) and [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=283&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 582px"><img title="Crossbows in use. 1405 - Gaston Phoebus, Book of the Hunt" src="http://www.historiclife.com/images/Research/Houppelands/1405GastonPhoebus/Full/boar_crossbow.jpg" alt="" width="572" height="537" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Crossbows in use. 1405 - Gaston Phoebus, Book of the Hunt</p></div>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 826px"><img title="Bow and Crossbow, MS Bodley 264 fol 51v" src="http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/bow-crossbow.jpg" alt="" width="816" height="677" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Bow and Crossbow, MS Bodley 264 fol 51v</p></div>
<p>There is lots of information on crossbows and arbalests at <a href="http://www.crossbows.net/index.php">crossbows.net</a> Here is a &#8220;Straight Bow&#8221; ca. 1100-1550:</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 298px"><img title="Straight Bow from New World Abalest" src="http://www.crossbows.net/images/bows/1a.jpg" alt="" width="288" height="180" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Straight Bow from New World Abalest</p></div>
<p><em>&#8220;This is a very common bow throughout medieval and renaissance Europe. It may be rectangular in cross-section (western Europe) or oval in cross-section (central Europe) The stock has a grooved top to guide the quarrels (bolts) and is usually rather plain, The pattern was in use from tenth through sixteenth centuries, with a number of variations.&#8221;</em> (From the above Web site)</p>
<div id="attachment_284" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 610px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/crossbowman.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-284" title="CrossBowMan" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/crossbowman.jpg?w=600&#038;h=646" alt="" width="600" height="646" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Chap holding crossbow in the Voynich Manuscript</p></div>
<p>Here is a chap (on the right) wearing similar headgear (from a fresco on the walls of Castle Runkelstein, in the South Tirol):</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 810px"><img title="Hunters (from a fresco on the wall of the Castle Runkelstein in South Tirol)" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Runkelstein_3365.JPG/800px-Runkelstein_3365.JPG" alt="" width="800" height="600" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Hunters (from a fresco on the wall of the Castle Runkelstein in South Tirol)</p></div>
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			<media:title type="html">JB</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://www.historiclife.com/images/Research/Houppelands/1405GastonPhoebus/Full/boar_crossbow.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Crossbows in use. 1405 - Gaston Phoebus, Book of the Hunt</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/bow-crossbow.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Bow and Crossbow, MS Bodley 264 fol 51v</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://www.crossbows.net/images/bows/1a.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Straight Bow from New World Abalest</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">CrossBowMan</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Runkelstein_3365.JPG/800px-Runkelstein_3365.JPG" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Hunters (from a fresco on the wall of the Castle Runkelstein in South Tirol)</media:title>
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		<title>Naked Ladies</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/naked-ladies/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/naked-ladies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 May 2011 17:39:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biological Folios]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Folios]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Labels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Naked Ladies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ohay]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I have been trying to make sense of the labels on the ladies in the bathing section. Here is a graphic extract of the folios that show the sets of the ladies where each has a label: (Full detail here: http://pcbunn.cacr.caltech.edu/voynich/ladies_labels.png  beware .. about 20MB) The reasonable assumption is that the labels are the names [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=302&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have been trying to make sense of the labels on the ladies in the bathing section. Here is a graphic extract of the folios that show the sets of the ladies where each has a label:</p>
<div id="attachment_303" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 954px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/clipboard01.jpg"><img class="size-large wp-image-303" title="Naked Ladies" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/clipboard01.jpg?w=944&#038;h=1024" alt="" width="944" height="1024" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Naked Ladies and their labels</p></div>
<p>(Full detail here:<a href="http://pcbunn.cacr.caltech.edu/voynich/ladies_labels.png"> http://pcbunn.cacr.caltech.edu/voynich/ladies_labels.png</a>  beware .. about 20MB)</p>
<p>The reasonable assumption is that the labels are the names of each lady. The labels tend to be short, whereas typical female European names of the 15th Century tend to be rather long: see for example the lists at <a title="http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/" href="http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/" target="_blank">http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/</a></p>
<p>Most female Italian names from that period end in &#8220;a&#8221;. So one might expect some similar common feature amongst the labels &#8230; But there is nothing apparent, except perhaps for the somewhat common terminal &#8220;9&#8243;.</p>
<p>What else could the labels be, if not names?</p>
<p>Also, the ladies are predominantly naked, with few exceptions. The lady labelled oeh9 on the top row in the graphic appears to have a red striped shawl around her shoulders, but she is visibly naked beneath. This strikes me as odd &#8230; as she is so distinct, perhaps she can be identified historically by this pattern (I&#8217;m looking at R.Sale!)?</p>
<p>Some of the ladies have long hair, some short. Nothing odd about that, but the ones with long hair sometimes appear to be wearing some sort of crown &#8211; see for example lady ogoy next to the shawled lady in the top row, and lady sohoe9 in the lower middle of the graphic: she is also holding some sort of ring or handle.</p>
<p>As regards the labels, the most plausible hypothesis is that they are codes for names. My preference for them being names is that it&#8217;s the simplest explanation.</p>
<p>Perhaps the whole book is a local guide &#8211; the plants from the region, the stars that can be seen from the region, the local spa and slime facilities, the local recipes (but no hedgehogs, please), and featuring the local &#8220;talent&#8221; &#8211; the beautiful ladies who live there. It&#8217;s a tourist guide, if you like. Perhaps the information it contains was quite scandalous for the times, hence the code.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">JB</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">Naked Ladies</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Sorting, Swapping and Anagramming</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/sorting-swapping-and-anagramming/</link>
		<comments>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/sorting-swapping-and-anagramming/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Apr 2011 19:42:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[anagrams]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/?p=296</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1) Plaintext &#8220;The handsome girl waited for some time idly in her place, and the only sound heard in the stillness was the hopping of the canary up and down the perches of its prison.&#8221; (from Thomas Hardy) 2) Sort words alphabetically and split into a few lines: and and canary down for girl handsome [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=296&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1) Plaintext</p>
<p>&#8220;The handsome girl waited for some time idly in her place, and the only sound heard in the stillness was the hopping of the canary up and down the perches of its prison.&#8221; (from Thomas Hardy)</p>
<p>2) Sort words alphabetically and split into a few lines:</p>
<p>and and canary down for girl handsome heard her<br />
hopping idly in in its of of only perches place<br />
prison some sound stillness the the the the the<br />
the time up waited was</p>
<p>3) For each line pair, swap every fourth word with the line above:</p>
<p>and and canary in for girl handsome only her</p>
<p>hopping idly in down its of of heard perches place</p>
<p>prison some sound waited the the the  the</p>
<p>the time up stillness the</p>
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		<title>Repeating Words</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2011/04/04/repeating-words/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Apr 2011 16:42:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[8am 8am 8am]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Repeating Sequences]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Here are the repeating &#8220;words&#8221; where the word repeats more than twice on a line: Folio 8v 1oe 1oe 1oe Folio 40r oham oham oham Folio 47r 1oe 1oe 1oe Folio 75r 4ohc89 4ohc89 4ohc89 Folio 79v 4ohc89 4ohc89 4ohc89 Folio 81r oe oe oe Folio 86v3 9kam 9kam 9kam Folio 99v oe oe oe [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=294&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here are the repeating &#8220;words&#8221; where the word repeats more than twice on a line:</p>
<p>Folio 8v<strong> 1oe 1oe 1oe </strong><br />
Folio 40r <strong>oham oham oham </strong><br />
Folio 47r <strong>1oe 1oe 1oe </strong><br />
Folio 75r <strong>4ohc89 4ohc89 4ohc89</strong><br />
Folio 79v <strong>4ohc89 4ohc89 4ohc89 </strong><br />
Folio 81r <strong>oe oe oe </strong><br />
Folio 86v3 <strong>9kam 9kam 9kam</strong><br />
Folio 99v <strong>oe oe oe </strong></p>
<p>Treating paragraphs (rather than just lines, so the repeats can stretch over a line break), then there is also:</p>
<p>Folio 75r <strong>4ohc89 4ohc89 4ohc89 4ohc89 </strong><br />
Folio 104v <strong>2coe 2coe 2coe</strong></p>
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		<title>Decryption of folio f75r using Letter Pair matching</title>
		<link>http://voynichattacks.wordpress.com/2010/10/05/decryption-of-folio-f75r-using-letter-pair-matching/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:48:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[f75r]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Letter Pair Mapping with Two Nulls Following an idea from Knox, where Voynich words are constructed from codes that represent plaintext letter pairs. First Result These results are from a Genetic Algorithm that uses a Latin dictionary to match 188 of the 353 VMs words on f75r. This is an unusually good score compared with [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=voynichattacks.wordpress.com&amp;blog=12255802&amp;post=279&amp;subd=voynichattacks&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_280" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 475px"><a href="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/f75r.jpg"><img class="size-large wp-image-280 " title="f75r" src="http://voynichattacks.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/f75r.jpg?w=465&#038;h=614" alt="" width="465" height="614" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Folio f75r from the Voynich &quot;Balneological&quot; Folios</p></div>
<h3>Letter Pair Mapping with Two Nulls</h3>
<p>Following an idea from Knox, where Voynich words are constructed from codes that represent plaintext letter pairs.</p>
<h3>First Result</h3>
<p>These results are from a Genetic Algorithm that uses a Latin dictionary to match 188 of the 353 VMs words on f75r. This is an unusually good score compared with what I am used to. The table below shows the relationship between plaintext Latin and Voynich characters.</p>
<pre>Voynich: oe    hc    4c    29    8(    e9    ek    e8    92    n    i9    i2    bo    yo    a    89    hi    e2    y    s9    2k    2a    y8    p    K9    eo    2    g2    2o    ha    a&amp;    h9    iy    1H    ai    ea    (    c8    V    1c    am    18    ih    &amp;9    so    ii    H    82    ho    ko    Öc    ka    9    aK    k9    op    N    1K    y9    ya    o4    an    4o    2H    Kc    g1    c1    h1    ay    sa    8    m    ae    8a    s8    e1    9k    1s    98    kc    y1    9h    e    ap    1i    h    io    Vc    4    ok    ki    c9    o8    g8    H9    po    s2    o9    28    oy    cK    cg    eh    Ö    81    c    ch    1    k1    cc    cm    o    oh    go    co    1a    cH    Hc    g    k    h2    ik    Hs    b    K    s    2i    1h    i    19    4H    i8    2c    aN    &amp;
Plain:               er    us    ti    re    en    tu    in    is    it    um    or    at    nt    ri    te    co    ra    ta    es    li    di    io    on    an    ar    de    pe    st    am    ro    la    su    ci    ic    pr    ni    ur    to    ce    qu    em    ns    si    ul    nd    iu    le    cu    ca    ru    as    ec    ia    se    mi    al    et    ae    ne    im    ve    vi    ba    il    ab    lu    os    sc    na    ct    me    ma    tr    do    un    ac    ol    mo    id    el    no    ll    ex    ss    nu    ie    po    pi    ue    lo    du    ed    ib    mu    sa    eb    bi    ge    ui    om    pa    ig    rt    bu    nc    ut    fi    ud    fe    eo    ep    mp    gi    pu    be    cr    da    ua    so    oc    ir    au    sp    ad    ub    fa    ng    pl    vo    rr    ag    uc    uo</pre>
<p>The following is the complete Latin for f75r. (Words followed by an apostrophe signify valid words from the Latin dictionary.)</p>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"> </span></p>
<pre>lunielosas epulas' vestra' uslunias verura agri'
mais agas re' sagino' vedonias toristra tonias atra'
vestis' puno getoas eras' stis agncas enim' stra ge
maon palleo' elulas colo' stno ri agas ge agas veterrpr
agelos toas cras' ra im ubrras veteit vero'
ilnias vesori unim tori' vestra' pl' anno' tori' vero'
sira toas vestdias iubeas' vestis' suas' conias epudri
veluri alas' an' veri' vestmi agib vestra' tori' scno
iuge' verura quas' agas vestis' suas' ri pilo' mori' donias
veterras vestis' as veterras ri vestno epos' agri' mara' tostio
sabeas' vestno as agas ra exit' agas ri agri' vero'
ilnias terras' veri' veri' veri' veri' vestis' agri'
scla me' teumas vestis' ri agri' vestis' suas' vestis' pios' meas'
scis' vestis' vepaulas scct tori' sino' ge agri' epquas vero'
iunias vestra' agnias no' ut' pestis' pl' epagri vestis' tori'
ilnios agilas coniosas mano' lino' us' leno' agri' vestio'
sino' agduas veno' agri' veno' piim pura' scra as
vesonias veno' agas vero' agas ieas vestis' os'
et' agas vera' toas dolo' an' olim' agas vect
neepim toas vota' ge ingira anra ll
duos' agas vestis' tori' ge caas stra tori' aera'
illo' solo' veteit vestno salo veno' tori' vestio'
vestis' teit vepaosas scis' toon anra
scis' vias' veterras us' ri veterras donias aeio
mais ag mais vere' mara' amas'</pre>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"> </span></p>
<pre>edmepera es' veia deos' agri' epmeri mara' pios' pinias ri orno'
finias ilnias veteit sino' mala' agon' veno' no' ubrras veterras andonias
mais fame' ri an' pace' epulri veno' mais toas veterras tori' verumi'
ve mais exemas veas vestis' toro vestno mais tori' epme agri' epos' se'
iunias veas suas' vestra' agri' toas vena' veti mano' ri
mpcoas mano' agri' vestis' mara' acri' agri' vestra' agri' tuas'
veteit no' agri' veno' toti' vestis' alnias ennias maatio
ad' ri epme mara' pias epos' pios' stis ri
vestis' ubocas vestis' mara' mara' agri' vestis' ri
sino' nias veterras veleas epos' pios' mara' mara' ri
veri' ri ubocas veri' veterras vequas anno'
venias' veterras veri' veri' venias' tuas'
innias veterras venias' terras' pilo' letuas
mara' agri' vestis' agri' mano' terras' ra agri'
siterras veterras piulri vero' ri terras' ta
iunias veri' veterras veueit veuerras mara'
innias tostra ri vestis' faos pios' ri
rtnias scis' epnias veri' pinias epri pios' pill ce ut' mara' ri
sanias vias' veas epnias scatno pias pinias vemori pinias epce
veas veri' ag veri' mais agri' nt cuno tori' os'</pre>
<p>Here is the English translation of the above text, using the <a href="http://translate.google.com/#">Google engine</a>:</p>
<p><em>lunielosas a banquet to your uslunias verura of the field<br />
maïs the thing you are doing STUFF vedonias toristra black tones<br />
you were a garment puno getoas stis agncas for GE P ^ or<br />
Elul, I worship the Pallium Maon RI stno you are doing you are doing veterrpr GE<br />
Toast the rationale of agelos to morrow I&#8217;m ubrras but refuses to allow<br />
ilnias vesori unim your marriage-bed couch in the year but the PL<br />
Sira Toast vestdias their gowns with thee to give orders cones epudri<br />
veluri of the true or the wings of your marriage-bed vestmi agib scno<br />
the continual verura which you are doing their gowns with a pestle to die the gifts of RI<br />
Earliest Earliest RI as a garment vestno tostio marl in the epic poem of the field<br />
Saber vestno cometh out of the rationale of you are doing as you are doing but the RI of the field<br />
ilnias of the true lands of the true garment of the field of truth of the true<br />
scla me teumas RI garment of the field their gowns with my pious clothing<br />
do you know a garment vepaulas marriage-bed allows GE holy man of the field, however epquas<br />
June and to the lambs made to your plague of bed clothing epagri pl<br />
ilnios their active U.S. coniosas frame with linen thread, a pimp dress of the field<br />
of the field allows agduas hunt hunt piim as a pure scra<br />
vesonias hunt you are doing you are doing but the mouth of the garment ieas<br />
Toast true, and do it from grief or a lever you are doing in times past<br />
Toast neepim vows GE ingira anra ll<br />
you are doing two marriage-bed clothing caas ge P ^ or the air bed<br />
that alone it is vestno refuses to allow the surge of marriage-bed dress hunt<br />
do you know a garment teit vepaosas toon anra<br />
do you know the ways of Earliest Earliest RI U.S. aeio gifts<br />
ag maïs maïs you love truly marl in</em></p>
<p><em>edmepera you are the gods of the field veia epmeri marl in the pious ornament of the pine RI<br />
refuses to allow the end of ilnias allows evil games were held at not hunt ubrras Earliest andonias<br />
maïs peace or hunger, RI epulri hunt maïs Toast Earliest marriage-bed verumi<br />
maïs veas or produced an example of a garment on a couch bed vestno maïs epme epic poem of the field itself<br />
June veas their Toast of the field a vein of your frame is forbidden to confer RI<br />
mpcoas marl in the frame of the field a sharp dress of the field of the field your your<br />
prohibits the hunt of the field not to the whole garment maatio alders in Ennis<br />
RI epme to the marl in the epic poem, listen to her pious pious stis RI<br />
ubocas garment garment garment marl in the marl in the RI of the field<br />
nias allows Earliest let her cover her epic poem, the pious marl in marl in RI<br />
RI of the true ubocas in the year of the true Earliest vequas<br />
oh come oh come Earliest of truth of truth thy<br />
Earliest rely on the hair and the lands of the bidding, joyfully oh come<br />
marl in the garment of the field of the field frame the rationale of the lands of the field<br />
Earliest siterras piulri RI But the lands of ta<br />
June of the true Earliest veueit veuerras marl in<br />
RI tostra rely on the garment the pious faos RI<br />
do you know of the true rtnias epnias epri of the pine as the pious pill ce marl in RI<br />
ways to the sound pious veas epnias scatno Pini Pini vemori epce<br />
veas of the true ag nt of the field of the true maïs cuno the mouth of the marriage-bed</em></p>
<h3>Second Result</h3>
<p>214/353 words matched</p>
<pre>Voynich: oe	hc	ii	K9	2H	ho	2o	e2	o8	89	ha	o	n	iy	4H	ko	ae	c9	&amp;	i9	e9	g	h2	e1	kc	op	1h	82	c8	an	8a	9	p	g1	h	o4	i	eh	cc	hi	K	eo	y	cm	am	c1	ai	18	i8	a&amp;	Hc	a	e	aN	ih	e8	ap	1i	y9	H9	19	4o	ya	1c	Öc	aK	oh	28	1	i2	io	b	2c	Vc	4	oy	1s	2k	k1	h9	ok	&amp;9	8(	ka	s	h1	s8	cK	ek	bo	s9	s2	1H	y1	9k	g8	go	81	ki	1K	8	o9	98	ik	po	N	y8	sa	cg	c	92	ay	ch	2	k	1a	9h	so	H	m	Hs	Kc	yo	4c	2a	g2	Ö	2i	k9	29	cH	co	V	ea	(

Plain:   		er	us	ti	re	en	tu	in	is	it	um	or	at	nt	ri	te	co	ra	ta	es	li	di	io	on	an	ar	de	pe	st	am	ro	la	su	ci	ic	pr	ni	ur	to	ce	qu	em	ns	si	ul	nd	iu	le	cu	ca	ru	as	ec	ia	se	mi	al	et	ae	ne	im	ve	vi	ba	il	ab	lu	os	sc	na	ct	me	ma	tr	do	un	ac	ol	mo	id	el	no	ll	ex	ss	nu	ie	po	pi	ue	lo	du	ed	ib	mu	sa	eb	bi	ge	ui	om	pa	ig	rt	bu	nc	ut	fi	ud	fe	eo	ep	mp	gi	pu	be	cr	da	ua	so	oc	ir	au	sp	ad	ub	fa	ng	pl	vo	rr	ag	uc	uo</pre>
<p>sspebeeoro aberro&#8217; imitem plsspero imllem meis&#8217;</p>
<p>amor&#8217; mero&#8217; es&#8217; lorras imiopero viisitem vipero irem&#8217;</p>
<p>imitor&#8217; puas doviro auro&#8217; itor meepro post&#8217; item&#8217; do&#8217;</p>
<p>amus nimium&#8217; beerro tuco itas is&#8217; mero&#8217; do&#8217; mero&#8217; imtoleuo</p>
<p>mebeeo viro&#8217; caro&#8217; em st&#8217; falero imtota immo&#8217;</p>
<p>suco&#8217; tonaem mo amem&#8217; abco imitor&#8217; gero&#8217; imtolero immo&#8217;</p>
<p>supero&#8217; imdiis ibst viis&#8217; imitem ne&#8217; quas&#8217; viis&#8217; immo&#8217;</p>
<p>crem viro&#8217; imitncro devoro&#8217; imitor&#8217; duro&#8217; tupero aburis</p>
<p>imssis gero&#8217; qu imis&#8217; imitbu meae&#8217; imitem viis&#8217; utas</p>
<p>dedo&#8217; imllem iuro&#8217; mero&#8217; imitor&#8217; duro&#8217; is&#8217; idco onis&#8217; iopero</p>
<p>imtolero imitor&#8217; ro imtolero is&#8217; imitas abeo&#8217; meis&#8217; amem&#8217; viitla</p>
<p>lovoro imitas ro mero&#8217; em alta&#8217; mero&#8217; is&#8217; meis&#8217; immo&#8217;</p>
<p>supero&#8217; tolero&#8217; imis&#8217; imis&#8217; imis&#8217; imis&#8217; imitor&#8217; meis&#8217;</p>
<p>utat te&#8217; toscro imitor&#8217; is&#8217; meis&#8217; imitor&#8217; duro&#8217; imitor&#8217; ideo&#8217; tero&#8217;</p>
<p>utor&#8217; imitor&#8217; imnierro utua viis&#8217; cras&#8217; do&#8217; meis&#8217; abiuro&#8217; immo&#8217;</p>
<p>depero imitem mepero as os&#8217; enitor&#8217; ne&#8217; abmeis imitor&#8217; viis&#8217;</p>
<p>supeeo mesuro tupeeoro amas&#8217; spas pl&#8217; reas meis&#8217; imitla</p>
<p>cras&#8217; meinro imas meis&#8217; imas idst puem utem ro</p>
<p>imdipero imas mero&#8217; immo&#8217; mero&#8217; maro&#8217; imitor&#8217; eo&#8217;</p>
<p>et&#8217; mero&#8217; imem viro&#8217; ioco&#8217; qu past&#8217; mero&#8217; imua</p>
<p>icabst viro&#8217; ntue do&#8217; ferrem&#8217; quem&#8217; mi&#8217;</p>
<p>ineo&#8217; mero&#8217; imitor&#8217; viis&#8217; do&#8217; baro&#8217; item&#8217; viis&#8217; veem</p>
<p>suco&#8217; dico&#8217; imtota imitas loco&#8217; imas viis&#8217; imitla</p>
<p>imitor&#8217; tota&#8217; imnieoro utor&#8217; vius quem&#8217;</p>
<p>utor&#8217; tiro&#8217; imtolero pl&#8217; is&#8217; imtolero iopero vela&#8217;</p>
<p>amor&#8217; me&#8217; amor&#8217; imes amem&#8217; curo&#8217;</p>
<p>muteenem ac&#8217; imng adeo&#8217; meis&#8217; abteis amem&#8217; ideo&#8217; idpero is&#8217; pias</p>
<p>olpero supero&#8217; imtota cras&#8217; amat&#8217; meus&#8217; imas as falero imtolero quiopero</p>
<p>amor&#8217; arte&#8217; is&#8217; qu nisi&#8217; aberis imas amor&#8217; viro&#8217; imtolero viis&#8217; imllbu</p>
<p>im amor&#8217; aliaro imro imitor&#8217; vimo imitas amor&#8217; viis&#8217; abte meis&#8217; abeo&#8217; an&#8217;</p>
<p>depero imro duro&#8217; imitem meis&#8217; viro&#8217; imui imno amas&#8217; is&#8217;</p>
<p>saturo&#8217; amas&#8217; meis&#8217; imitor&#8217; amem&#8217; unis&#8217; meis&#8217; imitem meis&#8217; sero&#8217;</p>
<p>imtota as meis&#8217; imas vino&#8217; imitor&#8217; gepero popero amirla</p>
<p>ex&#8217; is&#8217; abte amem&#8217; idro abeo&#8217; ideo&#8217; itor is&#8217;</p>
<p>imitor&#8217; faigro imitor&#8217; amem&#8217; amem&#8217; meis&#8217; imitor&#8217; is&#8217;</p>
<p>cras&#8217; pero imtolero imrero abeo&#8217; ideo&#8217; amem&#8217; amem&#8217; is&#8217;</p>
<p>imis&#8217; is&#8217; faigro imis&#8217; imtolero imiuro quas&#8217;</p>
<p>impero&#8217; imtolero imis&#8217; imis&#8217; impero&#8217; sero&#8217;</p>
<p>fepero imtolero impero&#8217; tolero&#8217; idco resero&#8217;</p>
<p>amem&#8217; meis&#8217; imitor&#8217; meis&#8217; amas&#8217; tolero&#8217; em meis&#8217;</p>
<p>crtolero imtolero ideris immo&#8217; is&#8217; tolero&#8217; ue</p>
<p>depero imis&#8217; imtolero imbita imbilero amem&#8217;</p>
<p>fepero viitem is&#8217; imitor&#8217; areo ideo&#8217; is&#8217;</p>
<p>ebpero utor&#8217; abpero imis&#8217; idpero abis ideo&#8217; idmi si&#8217; os&#8217; amem&#8217; is&#8217;</p>
<p>lopero tiro&#8217; imro abpero utiras idro idpero imonis idpero absi</p>
<p>imro imis&#8217; me&#8217; imis&#8217; amor&#8217; meis&#8217; ru rias viis&#8217; eo&#8217;</p>
<h4>Google Latin translation:</h4>
<p>LOSE ONE&#8217;S WAY sspebeeoro imitate the plsspero my imllem<br />
the love of art with wine, a viper, lorras imiopero viisitem I should go<br />
I imitate gold puas doviro itor after the meepro Also I give<br />
Let us beerro tuco nor its matter too much with wine, I give it with wine, imtoleuo<br />
the flesh of a man mebeeo trappings in exchange st em or rather imtota<br />
I love it thunders with the juice of MO abco because I imitate or rather I bear imtolero<br />
the Upper imdiis ibst imitate the ways of the ways of the nay, lest the<br />
crema imitncro BEAR WITH PATIENCE I imitate her husband hard tupero aburis<br />
imssis which I bear the bottom of my imitbu imitate the ways of the utas<br />
imllem with wine, I swear to surrender to you because I imitate it hard idco iopero onis<br />
imtolero because I imitate it in imitation of ro imtolero I left &#8216;em that I love my viitla<br />
lovoro imitation of their ro em high with wine, with wine, he or rather my<br />
tolerate the lowest bottom of the upper bottom of the bottom because I imitate my<br />
utat toscro you because I imitate it because I imitate my hard for that reason because I imitate Walter<br />
to use because I imitate the ways of imnierro utua to morrow or rather I give my DENY BY OATH<br />
lost to imitate the mepero as the mouth of the abmeis MAKE A GREAT EFFORT not to imitate the ways of<br />
supeeo mesuro tupeeoro you love pl Spas charge my imitla<br />
meinro the bottom of my tomorrow, the lowest idst puem Moreover the ro<br />
imdipero with wine, or rather the bottom of the wine because I imitate him marum<br />
imem and mere man as a joke with wine, which the past imua<br />
icabst ntue her husband, whom I give, my bear<br />
to enter the wine I give because I imitate the ways of the ways of Baron item veem<br />
with the juice of the place, I say to imtota in imitation of the ways of the bottom of the imitla<br />
I imitate the whole imnieoro to use the remarks which the<br />
a raw recruit to use the PL imtolero it sails imtolero iopero<br />
imes the love of me all love I love I do not care<br />
muteenem imng so much so, and I love my Abtei for that reason he listen to her pious idpero<br />
olpero the Upper imtota to morrow as he loves my the bottom of the trappings in exchange imtolero quiopero<br />
the love of the art of which he will be absent unless the bottom of the ways the love of her husband imtolero imllbu<br />
I&#8217;m the love of the other because I imitate imro vimo in imitation of the love of my ways, I left &#8216;em or Abtei<br />
imro goes when my hard imitate the man you love it imui imno<br />
do you love when sufficiently fed with single I love because I imitate my my my imitate the late<br />
imtota the bottom of my wine as I imitate gepero popero amirla<br />
one of them disappeared in a puff idro Abtei I love it for that reason itor<br />
I imitate faigro I love my love because I imitate it because I imitate<br />
their steps to morrow I left &#8216;em imtolero imrero I love it for that reason that I love<br />
bottom of the bottom it faigro imtolero which imiuro<br />
I command to the bottom imtolero too late, I command to the bottom<br />
fepero imtolero idco UNLOCK command to tolerate<br />
I love because I imitate my my my you love em tolerate<br />
crtolero imtolero ideris tolerate it or rather electronic resource<br />
lost to the bottom I love imtolero imbita imbilero<br />
fepero viitem it for that reason it because I imitate BE DRY<br />
ebpero to use the bottom of abpero idpero idmi do you go for that reason I love it if the mouth<br />
a raw recruit to lopero imro abpero utiras idro idpero imonis idpero God forbid<br />
imro me, the bottom the bottom the love of my ru him the ways of Azariah the</p>
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